Which coffee variety best suits my taste preference?
Coffee Varieties: What Are They and Why Are They Important?
Introduction
Ever wondered why some coffees taste fruity and floral, while others are nutty and rich? The secret lies in the coffee varieties! Just as grape varieties affect the taste of wine, coffee varieties determine the character of your cup of coffee. In this blog, we delve into the world of coffee varieties and discover why they are so important for taste, quality and sustainability.
What are coffee varieties?
Coffee varieties refer to the different genetic subtypes within the coffee species Coffea arabica , Coffea canephora (Robusta), and some lesser-known species such as Liberica and Excelsa . These varieties play a crucial role in the flavor, yield, and growth patterns of coffee plants.
Main coffee types and their characteristics
1. Arabica (Coffea arabica)
- Accounts for approximately 60-70% of global coffee production.
- Complex flavours with often fruity, floral and sour notes.
- Grows at higher altitudes and is more susceptible to diseases and climate changes.
2. Robusta (Coffea canephora)
- Stronger and bitter taste with earthy and nutty notes.
- Contains more caffeine and is often used in blends and instant coffee.
- Grows at lower altitudes and is more resistant to diseases.
3. Liberica & Excelsa
- Lesser known, but prized for their unique and wild flavor profiles.
- Liberica has a smoky and fruity flavor, while Excelsa has a complex, sour body.
Popular Arabica Varieties and Their Flavors
- Typica – Delicate and sweet, one of the oldest coffee varieties.
- Bourbon – Sweet and complex, with notes of chocolate and fruit.
- Caturra – A natural mutation of Bourbon, with a higher yield.
- Geisha (Gesha) – Famous for its floral and tea-like notes, one of the most sought after coffees.
- SL28 & SL34 – Kenyan varieties with bright fruity flavours and high acidity.
- Pacamara – A cross between Pacas and Maragogipe, with a pronounced body and complexity.
Why are coffee varieties important?
The choice of a particular coffee variety has a major impact on:
- Flavor : Each variety has a unique flavor profile, from chocolatey to citrusy.
- Sustainability : Some varieties are more resistant to diseases and climate change.
- Quality : Specialty coffee producers carefully select varieties for the highest taste experience.
- Harvest Yield : Farmers choose varieties that best suit their climate and soil type.
Closure
Understanding coffee varieties will not only help you make better choices when buying coffee, but it will also give you an appreciation for the work of coffee farmers and roasters. The next time you try a new coffee, pay attention to the variety – it can make a world of difference in taste and aroma!
Looking for a tasty Arabica coffee for the espresso machine or filter coffee? View different flavor profiles here .
